The treatment of bone defects, especially large-area bone defects caused by trauma, congenital malformations, senile diseases, and other factors, is often the key and difficult point of orthopedic diseases, which often brings a lot of troubles in the daily work of orthopedic physicians. Bone tissue engineering attempts to repair bone defects using three-dimensional (3D) bioprinted living tissue, and induces osteoblasts to differentiate and proliferate by placing biological scaffolds, thus finally forming bone tissue commensurate with the original tissue functional structure, reducing the difficulty of surgery. Compared with the traditional bone grafting surgery, it causes less trauma to patients. It is an emerging technology with crossover and cutting edge, and has huge application space and good application prospect in biomedical field. In this article, the clinical application of 3D bioprinting technology in various orthopedic fields in recent 5 years is briefly discussed.

Background: Some small sample size studies have yielded slightly inconsistent results for comparing the efficacy and toxicity of trifluridine/tipiracil (TAS-102) with or without bevacizumab. This meta-analysis aims to further investigate the additive effect and safety profile of bevacizumab when combined with TAS-102 in patients receiving a salvage-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and some oncological conferences by the end of February 2021. No restrictions were placed on the searches. Two reviewers independently performed the retrieval and selection according to the “Patient, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, Study design” principle. The outcome endpoints included overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), disease control rate (DCR), and adverse events (AEs). Results: Six controlled trials which recruited 435 refractory mCRC patients were ultimately taken in. Our results suggested that the regimen of TAS-102 plus bevacizumab had a significant advantage in OS, PFS, and DCR over TAS-102 alone (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.43, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.27–0.67, P < 0.001; HR = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.39–0.59, P < 0.001; OR = 3.19, 95% CI: 1.56–6.50, P = 0.001; respectively). In general, the incidence of AEs was slightly but not obviously higher in the combination therapy group than the monotherapy group (OR = 1.08; 95% CI: 0.89–1.30; P = 0.458). However, the most frequent grade 3 or worse AE was neutropenia (OR = 2.32; 95% CI: 1.53–3.52; P < 0.001) which was higher in the TAS-102 plus bevacizumab group. Meanwhile, the morbidity of anemia (OR = 0.43; 95% CI: 0.22–0.83; P = 0.013) was significantly higher in TAS-102 monotherapy group. Conclusion: TAS-102 plus bevacizumab has promising activity with a manageable safety profile in a salvage-line treatment for mCRC who are refractory or intolerant to standard chemotherapy.

Bioprinting is expected to be a revolutionary technology for application in medicine, bringing hope to countless patients. For a long time, many patients have been experiencing a lack of suitable organs for transplantation, which eventually lead to loss of lives. Bioprinting technology can integrate cells, proteins, cytokines, and other supporting materials, such as biomaterials and hydrogels, to produce biomedical devices with biological functions. However, no bioprinting medical devices have been approved by the National Medical Products Administration, with specific registration and regulatory requirements for bioprinting medical devices still needing to be explored. To standardize the Bioprinting Medical Devices Special Requirements for Quality Management System, Chinese experts in relevant fields were organized to formulate this expert consensus.